By: Dr Raghav Kesri, Senior Consultant and Head Medical Oncology, Yatharth Hospital, Greater Noida

For decades, cancer treatment meant battling the disease head-on with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. But a new frontier is changing that narrative. Immunotherapy, a rapidly evolving approach, which doesn’t attack cancer directly; instead, it empowers the body’s immune system to do what it was designed for, detect and destroy threats. For many patients, especially those with cancers that resist traditional therapies, this shift offers new hope: longer survival, fewer side effects, and in some cases, complete remission.
How Immunotherapy Works

Immunotherapy enhances the body’s natural defense mechanisms to fight cancer by making immune cells more effective at identifying and attacking tumor cells. This approach includes checkpoint inhibitors, which block proteins that prevent immune cells from attacking tumors, thereby allowing the immune system to target cancer more aggressively. Another significant advancement is CAR-T cell therapy, where a patient’s T cells are genetically modified in a laboratory to recognize and destroy cancer cells before being reinfused into the patient’s body. This highly personalized treatment has shown exceptional success in blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma.

These therapies have shown remarkable efficacy in treating cancers such as melanoma, lung cancer, and certain blood cancers. Research is also exploring the potential of combining immunotherapy with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy, to enhance effectiveness.

Immunotherapy in India
India has witnessed a sharp rise in cancer cases, with estimates suggesting over 1.5 million new cases annually. The most commonly diagnosed cancers include breast, lung, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Studies have shown that immunotherapy significantly improves survival rates and, in some cases, leads to complete remission. However, while immunotherapy offers hope, its accessibility remains a challenge due to high costs and the need for specialized medical infrastructure.

To address these challenges, government initiatives and research collaborations are underway to develop cost-effective immunotherapies. Trials are conducted to assess the effectiveness of lower-cost alternatives. Additionally, pharmaceutical companies are working on biosimilar versions of existing immunotherapy drugs to reduce costs and increase availability.

The Future of Cancer Treatment
With ongoing research and technological advancements, the future of immunotherapy looks promising. Scientists are working on refining these treatments to enhance their effectiveness while minimizing side effects. The integration of artificial intelligence and genetic testing is paving the way for more personalized cancer treatments, ensuring that patients receive therapies tailored to their specific tumor profiles.

For cancer patients and their families, consulting an oncologist to explore immunotherapy as part of a comprehensive, personalized treatment plan can provide valuable insights into emerging options. While financial and infrastructural challenges remain, the growing adoption of immunotherapy represents a significant step toward more effective, targeted, and potentially curative cancer care.

By:Dr Raghav Kesri, Senior Consultant and Head Medical Oncology, Yatharth Hospital, Greater Noida

 

Cancer treatment can be a challenging journey for patients, and the winter months often add an extra layer of difficulty. The drop in temperatures and the onset of seasonal illnesses pose unique risks for individuals undergoing cancer treatment or recovering from it. Understanding how cold weather affects cancer patients and taking appropriate precautions is essential for managing health during this season.

Cold Weather and Its Effect on Cancer Patients
The colder months can significantly affect the overall well-being of cancer patients. One of the primary concerns is weakened immunity. Many cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, suppress the immune system, making patients more susceptible to seasonal infections like the flu and pneumonia. Exposure to extreme cold can also lead to complications like frostbite and hypothermia, especially for those with reduced circulation due to treatment side effects.

Cancer survivors often experience joint pain and stiffness as a result of treatment-induced inflammation or side effects like peripheral neuropathy. Cold temperatures tend to exacerbate these conditions, leading to discomfort and reduced mobility. Additionally, reduced exposure to sunlight during winter may cause a drop in vitamin D levels, which are essential for immune function and bone health.

Managing Risks During the Winter
To navigate the challenges posed by winter, cancer patients can adopt several strategies to protect their health. Keeping the body warm is crucial. Wearing multiple layers of clothing, using heating devices indoors, and avoiding prolonged exposure to cold weather can help prevent complications like frostbite and hypothermia.

Maintaining a strong immune system is vital during this time. A well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidant-rich foods can help boost immunity. Incorporating foods fortified with vitamin D or taking supplements, as prescribed by a doctor, can address seasonal deficiencies.

Preventing infections is another critical step. Cancer patients should prioritize hygiene by washing their hands regularly, avoiding crowded spaces, and staying up-to-date with seasonal vaccinations, such as flu shots. Staying hydrated and using humidifiers can also help combat dry air, which can irritate respiratory passages and skin.

Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being
The colder months, combined with the physical toll of cancer treatment, can also affect mental health. Seasonal affective disorder, characterized by feelings of depression during winter, can exacerbate the emotional challenges that many cancer patients face. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as indoor yoga or light exercises, can help improve mood and circulation. Practices like mindfulness, meditation, and counselling can also provide emotional support during this difficult time.

Road to Recovery
For cancer patients, managing the effects of cold weather requires a proactive approach. Taking steps to stay warm, maintain immunity, and prioritize mental health can make a significant difference in their overall well-being. It is equally important to stay in close communication with healthcare providers, who can offer tailored advice and interventions to address individual risks during the winter months.
While winter poses unique challenges, it is also an opportunity to focus on self-care and resilience. With the right precautions, cancer patients can navigate the season safely and continue their journey toward recovery.