By: Dr. Shivani Chandan L, Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster RV Hospital

During their lifespan, women undergo many physical and hormonal changes. One significant change in their life is the stage of menopause. Some women struggle to cope with it, while few others enjoy the process of their menstrual cycle coming to an end. However, it is an under reported transition, both by medical experts and women who go through this transition. As a result, there is little awareness of the fact that some women can begin perimenopause or the beginning of the menopause stage, as early as 40 years old or even younger in some cases. All women regardless of their age, should have access to medical information regarding menopause and be ready to deal with it in a healthy and safe manner.

During menopause, a woman’s ovaries cease production of eggs, leading to a lower level of oestrogen in their body. Oestrogen regulates the reproductive cycle in a woman. When the woman does not experience her monthly menstrual cycle for more than a year, it is said to be the period of menopause.

Symptoms

While menopausal symptoms can vary from one woman to another, there are a few general physical changes and symptoms every woman should be aware of, like irregular period patterns, missed periods, different flow, irregular hormone cycles, frequent urinary tract infections, vaginal dryness, painful sex, night sweats, and decreased libido. Psychological changes or symptoms include depression spikes, irritation, anger, hot flashes like panic attacks or heart palpitations, and difficulty sleeping.

Treatments

Treatment options focus on relieving symptoms and improving overall well-being. Some OF the common approaches include:

• Hormone Therapy (HT) – Helps with hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and bone loss.
• Non-Hormonal Medications which include Antidepressants, Gabapentin & Pregabalin. These medications can reduce hot flashes and improve sleep.
• Vaginal hormone therapy such as Low-dose vaginal creams, rings, or tablets to relieve vaginal dryness and discomfort.
• Lifestyle and Natural Remedies include

1. Dietary Changes: Eating soy products (phytoestrogens), whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
2. Exercise: Regular physical activity to maintain bone health and reduce mood swings.
3. Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing.
4. Acupuncture: Some women find relief from hot flashes.

• Alternative Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps manage mood swings and sleep disturbances.
• Bone Health Management includes Calcium, Vitamin D supplements and medications like bisphosphonates (if needed) to prevent osteoporosis.
• The best treatment depends on individual symptoms, health risks, and personal preferences. Always consult a doctor before starting any treatment.

Managing menopause

When it comes to managing menopause, knowledge is the key. Although there is a wide variety of material on the subject, it is crucial to discuss any worries with a doctor.

Women can better understand and manage the symptoms of menopause by being aware of their bodies, as is the case with many health-related issues. From a traditional paper calendar to more advanced techniques like apps, there are numerous ways to monitor one’s health. After that, women can show this information to a medical expert for a possible evaluation and diagnosis that is specific to their bodies, health, and well-being.

Because menopause symptoms can impact both physical and mental health, a positive outlook on wellbeing can sometimes reduce issues. Women should think about implementing strategies to reduce mental stress, like getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, practicing yoga, meditation, eating a balanced diet, and drinking less alcohol.

Lastly, starting a discussion about menopause is a terrific approach to find out more and discover some of the real resources and assistance that are out there. Women can also discuss menopause with other women, including friends, family, spouses, coworkers, and—most importantly—other women who may have gone through it. Finding out the age at which a mother went through menopause can sometimes be related to a daughter’s experience, therefore talking to one’s mother about it may also be helpful.

Women may also feel more supported if they are a part of an informed community. Overcoming obstacles can be aided by pooling information and experiences. Additionally, discussing problems can occasionally relieve stress, ease anxieties, and bring people together via common experiences and knowledge.